Management annotated bibliography Essay

The purpose of this paper is to provide an annotated bibliography of three articles that deal with innovation and strategic management. And will include a review from the author’s perspective on current trends being shaped by innovation and specific aspects of innovation influencing strategic management. Innovation strategy: 4 key tactics of top growth companies The article covers the four practices of successful growth. Finding the next S-curve, lean on customers, think like a designer, and lead the way are the four areas that are focused on. The practice of finding the next S-curve explains that innovation has a time window, and is directly related to revenue. With continuous innovation, a company’s chance of hitting and staying within the window increases dramatically. The practice of lean on customers directly relates to gaining an understanding of the customer. It points out tools to use, such as creating a customer empathy map. Lean on customers creates a lean approach to product innovation. The think like a designer practice involves using innovation to create new options. This includes using Blue Ocean Strategy which is the search for uncontested market space and the business model canvas which is the nine building blocks for business. The lead the way practice involves making innovation a priority and those innovative leaders should be role models. Current innovative companies are used as examples for each practice. These include Amazon, Apple, IBM, and Starbucks (Power, 2014-15). Elements of a successful innovation roadmap This article covers innovation with Rapid Innovation Cycle (RIC). RIC leads to a higher success rate, by showing a repeatable process. It is an  introduction to a work shop. Product, business models, and processes can benefit from this road map. The rapid innovation cycle has four phases. Phase one is define and scope the innovation opportunity, phase two is discover new ideas, phase three develop and design concepts for experimentation, and phase four is demonstrate the innovation through piloting and prototyping. The define phase details the way to define and scope an innovation. This is from the customer’s perspective and saves valuable time and energy. The discovery phase details ways of exploring ideas to solve the issues that came to light in the define phase. The develop phase shows ways of developing the ideas that came from the discovery phase. The demonstrate phase turns the ideas from the development phase into simulations or working prototypes. By following the prescribed roadmap, companies can innovate with little to no waste (Samuel, 2013). Using Global insights to drive local innovation This article shows a strategy to gain innovation by looking at trends and insights on a global level. By learning what trends are emerging and what global consumers behaviors are, provides important insights to meet consumer’s needs. Two important areas to focus on are the customer’s experience and lifestyle focus. The consumer’s overall satisfaction is a key element, and products need to fulfill a wide array of lifestyles and interests. By following and anticipating these trends, companies can focus their innovation efforts to fulfill these needs (Capercini, 2013). Author’s review Innovation is a key factor in any business. With the information age moving and advancing as fast as it is, companies have to be proactive to keep up. Part of strategic management is innovation; this includes having a plan, developing new ways to do business, and new or better products and services. Not paying attention to global as well as local trends could have catastrophic consequences on a business. It is up management to lead the way and be role models. By finding uncontested market space, companies can have the advantage over competitors. References Capercini, R. (2013). Innovation Management.se. Retrieved from http://www.innovationmanagement.se/2014/10/28/using-global-insights-to-drive-local-innovation/ Power, D. (2014-15). Harvard division of continuing education: Professional Development. Retrieved from http://www.dce.harvard.edu/professional/blog/innovation-strategy-4-key-tactics-top-growth-companies Samuel, Dr. P. (2013). Innovation Management.se. Retrieved from http://www.innovationmanagement.se/2014/11/10/elements-of-a-successful-innovation-roadmap/

How Can Civic Education Enhances Civil Society Essay

Civic education is very essential to each and every citizen in a civil society. Therefore it must be noticeable. Civic education contributes to the well-being of society. This presentation is aimed at discussing how civic education can enhance civil society. The key concepts in this presentation are civic education and civil society. Therefore it is important to know the meaning of these two terms. Civic education is the field of study dealing with rights and responsibilities of citizenship as well as the responsibilities of the government. It deals with the commitment, assumptions, values and challenges of the national and civil society at large (Mwaipaya 1980). A Civil society is a public place between the states the market and the ordinary household, in which people debate and tackles action. Civic education enhances civil society in many ways, as one of the components is civic knowledge which it imparts in the citizen of the civil society. If the civil society are aware of their rights and if they know what to do it is very easy for them to participate in various activities of the civil society. Civic education imparts knowledge on democracy among the citizen of the civil society; democracy simply means a dialogue, a discussion, and a deliberative process in which citizen engage themselves in question about civic knowledge like what are the foundation of that particular civil society, and if the civil society will have knowledge on democracy issues it will improve. Hence this knowledge about democracy can only be imparted to the civil society through civic education and by doing so it is enhancing the needs of a civil society (Brookers etal 1980). Civic education also enhances civil society in terms of democracy because it is through civic education that we know and explain to others on how democracy acts and depends on certain basic values like respect for individual, the right to participate in the implementation of politics and development programmes, therefore if people in a civil society have knowledge about these rights and responsibilities, the civil society will be improved. Civic education can enhance the civil society because of its civic skills, if citizens are able to exercise their rights and discharge their responsibilities as members of self-governing communities, they are only need to acquire relevant intellectual and participatory skills, when we say intellectual skills these are essential for informed, effective and inseparable citizen from content, to be able to think critically about contemporary relevance as well as command of a set of an intellectual tools or considerations useful in dealing with such an issue. Hence if the society will have civic skills it will automatically be enhanced and there will be quick development in that particular civil society (Z.C.E.A, 2004). Another intellectual skill which good civic education fosters is that of describing. The ability to describe functions and processes such as legislative checks and balances or judicial review is indicative of understanding, describing trends like participation in civil lif e, immigration or employment helps the citizens fit current events into longer term pattern (Patterson, 2001). Civic education seeks to develop competence in explaining and analyzing issues, if citizen can explain how something should work, they will be able to analyze things as the components and consequences of ideals, social, political or economic processes and institutions. The ability to analyze enables one to distinguish between facts and opinion or between means and ends. It also helps the citizen to clarify responsibilities such as those between personal and public responsibilities or those between elected or appointed officials and citizens, therefore this can only happens if people in a civil society have civil skills and by having these skills in a civil society means that civic education is doing its job of enhancing the civil society (African Development Bank Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Global poverty, 2002). Furthermore, civic education enhances civil society through the component of civic skills, in such a way that education for citizenship in a democratic society focuses on civic skills that are required for informed, effective and responsible participation in the political process and in civil society, those skills can be categorized as interacting, monitoring and influencing. Interacting pertains to the skills citizen need to communicate and to work cooperatively with others. To interact is to be responsive to one’s fellow citizens, to interact is to question, to answer and to deliberate with civility, therefore if people be able to interact and question others toward certain common good the civil society will be enhanced. Monitoring politics and government simply refers to the skills citizens need to track the handling of issues by the political process and by the government. Monitoring also means the exercising of over sight functions on the part of citizens. Finally the participatory skill of influencing refers to the capacity to affect the process of politics and governance, both the formal processes of governance in the community (Mwaipaya, 1986). Civic education can improve and enhance our civil society through the component of civic dispositions essential traits of private and public character. This is important to the maintenance and improvement of constitutional democracy. Civic dispositions, like civic skills, develop slowly overtime and as a result of what one learns and experience in the home, school and organizations of civil society. These experiences should engender understanding that democracy requires the responsible self -governance of each individual worth and their dignity. One cannot exist without the other. Traits of private character such as moral responsibility, self -discipline and respect for the worth and human dignity of every individuals are no less consequential. Such traits as public spiritedness, civility, and respect for the rule of law, critical mindedness to listen, negotiate and compromise are indispensible to democracy success (Patterson, 2001). Civic education can enhance civil society due to civic dispositions that contribute to the political efficiency of the individual, the healthy functioning of the political system, a sense of dignity and worthy as well as the common good were identified in national standards for civics and government. In the interest of brevity, these dispositions are private and public character might be described as becoming an independent member of the society, assuming the personal, political and economic responsibilities of a citizen, respecting individual worth and human dignity (respecting others and listen to their opinions). Also participating in civil affairs in a thoughtful and effective manner as well as promoting the healthy functioning of constitutional democracy (Todaro etal 2009) Therefore, it can be noted that civic dispositions as a component or the habits of the heart , the traits of the public and private character that under-greed democracy are in the long run, probably of more consequence than the knowledge or skills a citizen may command (Z.C.E.A, 2004). In conclusion, civil society can be enhanced by civic education through its components (civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions). Civic education is therefore very important to the lives of citizens in a civil society and it must be noticeable.

Communism and the Political and Economic Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 627 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Communism Essay Did you like this example? Karl Marx developed the political and economic theory of communism, in which, wealth is divided equally within the social classes. The goal of communism to ensure that all people, regardless of race, religion, disabilities, and so on are seen as completely equal in wealth and value. Communism is thus a form of socialism†a higher and more advanced form (Dagger). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Communism and the Political and Economic Theory" essay for you Create order The United States government and other capitalist countries watch as the wealthy strive and the poor die in debt and starvation. The government, to be as perfect as possible, should and must convert to communism for the greater good of the people to live in peace and harmony by eliminating all private property, as well as getting rid of social classes. In a pure communist society, there is a lack of individualism; no private ownership, no social classes, and no one person ideas affecting societal believes. Limiting individualism shows no one in a communist society is more valuable than another and everyone is of equal of value. Marx set to destroy the idea of individualism by, eliminating private property and making all lands open and shared by everyone in the community, expressing his values saying, The less you are, the more you have; the less you express your own life, the greater is your alienated life-the greater is the store of your estranged being (Marx). Marx saw the idea of private property ownership and how it causes people of higher wealth creates a divide with lesser wealth due to the inequality of the amount of owned property as a threat to the equality of people. With private property gone, social classes will also start to dissipate and fall due to the equality of possession of land, the outcome of which would creat e the harmonization of all citizens to be equal in terms of possessions. As Marx said,The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships, the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas (Marx). In addition, people will all belong to one social leading to many benefits like health equality, economic equality, and equal opportunity. According to Marxs materialist theory, history is a series of class struggles and revolutionary upheavals, leading ultimately to freedom for all (Dagger). Social classes connect all of Marxs beliefs together in why Capitalism is wrong. Capitalism allows people to be higher than one another, it allows people to stand against the system, it allows workers and citizens to be taken advantage of. Karl Marx was noted to have valued equal opportunity, The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them (Marx). To get rid of social class, it would allow lower class members and middles class members to have the same opportunities as higher class members; thus allowing the same opportunities for true equality. Discrimination between the social class and writing will be abolished, no person will think they are greater as a person. In result, all humans will be purely equal in wealth and in value. With the abolishment of inequality between the people of social classes and private property, this creates further equilibrium within society and freedom for each citizen. The United States would severely benefit from switching to a pure communist government as it would eliminate poverty, racial tensions, and possibly so much more that we as a country need to heal. Without change, the American people will soon realize all the negatives effects that come with a Capitalist system. Works Cited Ball, Terence, and Richard Dagger. Communism. Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 4 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/topic/communism. Accessed 10/31/18 Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels, Jones G. Stedman, and Karl Marx. The Communist Manifesto. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. Print.

The Effects Of Smoking On Public Places - 993 Words

Within the past few centuries, environmental tobacco smoke has been an issue. Smoking tobacco products is the leading, preventable cause of death in the United States. More than ten times of the deaths from smoking cigarettes have added up to be more deaths than all the wars fought by the United states (Jones, Page 65, 2016). There are more deaths caused each year from tobacco use than all deaths of HIV, illegal drug and alcohol use, car accidents, and murders combined (Judd, page 110, 2009). Smoking harms nearly every organ and part of the body, and affects one’s overall health. The effects of smoking can affect the social attitudes towards smoking, and can have lifelong impacting effects, which can also cause diseases and cancers. Over†¦show more content†¦Other than that, smoking exposes loved ones and everyone else around them to the harmful chemicals. Which puts their health into risk due to the harmful impacts. There are people who can handle being in the designated areas for smoking without being bothered, but in the long run it affects them if they continue to place themselves in the harmful air. Then there are people who can’t stand cigarette smoke, either they dislike the smell produced, or their eyes get irritated etc. But for the people who already have health problems like asthma, or even allergies, environmental tobacco smoke is a serious health threat for them. According from a study made by Takeshi Hirayama, a nonsmoker that was married to a smoker who smoked 14 cigarettes a day had a 40 percent risk of lung cancer (Hirschfelder, page 152, 2010). Overall, this expensive habit causes impacting effects to smokers, and the people around them. Smoking Tabaco contributes to a remarkable number of diseases, mainly including heart disease, and lung disease, and many types of cancer. Heart disease is the leading cause of death, with cancer leading right after, most of it being caused by smoking. Smoking causes about 90 percent of all lung cancer deaths in men and women; therefore, more women die from lung cancer than from breast cancer (Jones, page 65, 2016). Smoking causes various types of cancers that can be found in the lungs, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, cervix,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Smoking On Public Places996 Words   |  4 Pagessmoke followed her like a burning building. While many in society were irritated about the NO SMOKING policies in public places, it was and is morally justified. Smoking is not only a health hazard to the individual puffing on the cigarette, but also every person around that area health is at risk. Society has been thoroughly informed of the hazards from smoking cigarette s; yet people still choose smoking as a form of stress relief or enjoyment. The exposer to the harmful toxins not only affects theRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Public Places1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthe minds of Americans today such as abortion, the use of handguns, and one of the most controversial topics, which is smoking in public places. The history of smoking can be dated to as early as 5000 BC and has been recorded in many different cultures across the world. According to the History Channel, â€Å"When Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492, he observed Native Americans smoking tobacco. They actually used it to insert their cigars into their nostrils to smoke. Columbus took tobacco back to EuropeRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Smoking In Public Places1157 Words   |  5 Pages Smoking should be banned in public places The government of the United States, should ban smoking in all public places because of the adverse effects of passive smoking on smokers, non-smokers and the environment. In the recent years, the population of people who smoke in the US has significantly increased. People still choose to smoke even when they have adequate knowledge of how unhealthy smoking can be. Smoking is a personal choice for any individual. Moreover, it is a highly addictive habitRead MoreSecond-Hand Smoke1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Second-Hand Smoke Imagine yourself sitting down to dinner at a restaurant. You are sitting down trying to enjoy your dinner when all you can smell is smoke. Not only are you just breathing in the smoke, it is also damaging your body at the same time. Or imagine yourself at your work place, whether it be a restaurant or office, and you are forced to breathe in second-hand smoke the entire time you are there. In this paper you will be informed of the harmful effects of second-handRead MoreThe Negative Consequences Of Public Smoking1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Consequences of Public Smoking Smoking is known to be one of the most dangerous medicine and can come with some seriously negative to one’s lungs. Research studies have shown that second- hand smoking can be equally as bad. According to the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, â€Å"2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). To those who own restaurants, oversee public places, and others in charge of entertainmentRead MoreEssay on Public Smoking Ban1091 Words   |  5 Pagesexposed to secondhand smoke (Report: Ban smoking in public places). The risk of inferior health caused by smoking in public establishments is truly intolerable. The banning of smoking in public places everywhere should be imposed because it would reduce the risk of health problems of non-smokers, it could reduce the number of smokers all together, and, therefore, reduce the amount of valuable money taxpayers spend on smoking related costs . Smoking in public places should be banned because it could reduceRead MoreBanning The Issue Of Banning Cigarettes1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthat regard, what are considered public places in state laws in reference to smoking is very much debatable. It is our duty as individuals to exercise certain behaviors that will benefit others, regardless of life circumstances and serve our society in the most respectable manner, in accordance to people rights and choices. Since the nineties, there has been a massive controversy on the issue of banning cigarettes in the U.S. Some claim that banning public smoking is an infringement on their freedomRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Places?864 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is one of the practices which is considered highly dangerous to our health because it impacts the smoker and the people around them. There are approximately one billion smokers. Smoking is a big issue that the nonsmoker faces. For example, when the smokers smoke in public places like restaurants, universities and other public places it hurts the non-smoker. The non-smoker breathing the cigarette, marijuana or hookah smoke from the smoker do both of them are breathing toxic chemicals. In aRead MoreCloud of Smoke Essay example965 Words   |  4 PagesSmoke How many people have been walking around in a public place, and been bombarded with a thick cloud of smoke surrounding them? The truth is, many of us have been in this situation. Rather or not if we like or dislike the fact, it happens. There is a way to prevent such an annoying and disruptive act. In light of this, cigarette smoking should be banned from all public places, such as restaurants, bars, clubs and even parks. Smoking is one of the worst human habits that a person can pickRead MorePublic smoking Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking in Public â€Å"One thousand Americans stop smoking every day - by dying.†(The Quote Garden). It’s no surprise that smoking is one of the leading causes of death in the nation. There is overwhelming evidence that smoking affects our health. However, when one lights up a cigarette and smokes where other are present, one not only affects his or her own body, but others as well. This refers not only to the inconvenience of someone smoking near you, but also to the affect of secondhand smoke

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ( Cam ) - 1694 Words

Alternative Medicine In a country run by pharmaceuticals, many people ignore all the other options available to them. Imagine a world where narcotics are no longer â€Å"the answer† to pain relief. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been around for centuries, relieving fatigue, stress, and pain naturally. Alternative medicine is any practice that is advanced as having the mending impacts of prescription, yet does not start from proof accumulated utilizing the exploratory strategy, is not some portion of biomedicine, or is repudiated by investigative confirmation or set up science. It comprises of an extensive variety of medicinal services practices, items and treatments, going from being organically conceivable yet not all†¦show more content†¦Complementary medicine is elective drug utilized together with traditional medicinal treatment, in a conviction not affirmed utilizing the exploratory technique that it supplements (enhances the adequacy of) the treatment. CAM is the c ondensing for integral and option medication. Integrative solution (or integrative well being) is the blend of the practices and strategies for option drug with customary prescription. Elective therapeutic findings and medications are excluded as science-based medicines that are taught in restorative schools, and are not utilized as a part of medicinal practice where medicines depend on what is set up utilizing the exploratory strategy. Elective treatments need such logical approval, and their viability is either problematic or discredited. Elective prescription is normally taking into account religion, custom, superstition, confidence in heavenly energies, pseudoscience, mistakes in thinking, promulgation, or misrepresentation. Regulation and authorizing of option solution and medicinal services suppliers changes from nation to nation, and state to state. Established researchers has reprimanded elective prescription as being founded on deluding articulations, deception, pseudoscien ce, antiscience, misrepresentation, or poor investigative technique. Advancing option solution has been called

Risks Of A Risk Management Program Essay Example For Students

Risks Of A Risk Management Program Essay When you first think of risk management you think of having control, problems that may occur, or problems you can prevent from occurring. Risk management is a popular term and is very important when planning for a business. As an accountant, you always want to be very aware and alert. Given the economic landscape of the past years, a company’s business model is challenged constantly by competitors and events that could give rise to substantial risks (Byrnes, Williams, Kamat, Gopalakrishnan, 2012). Not being aware of the business and risks that may take action can be a major loss for an organization. Most organizations have begun to realize how important it is to a risk management program especially with all the new technology and high turnovers many businesses are having. Not only has risk management been widely affective in many organizations but the United States Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) also has authorized it ). In 2009, the SEC passed Rule 33-9089, which mand ated risk oversight by company boards of directors (Gates, Nicolas, Walker, 2012). As many of us now are working in firms or other entities, we always have questions and are looking for answers right away. A great process to look toward would be enterprise risk management also known as ERM for short. This can get you answers to many of your questions. ERM is define as a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy-setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and the manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives (ucop.edu). This is such a broad definition but has so much meaning and concepts. Some concepts of ERM are: 1. Ongoing and flowing process through an entity. 2. Effected by all people in the organization, no matter their level. 3. Applied in strategy setting. 4. Applied across all entities at every level and unit. 5. Designed and set up to notice potential situations that is affecting the entity, and also manages the risk within the organization. 6. Willing and able to provide answers to the entity’s management and entity’s board. ERM is not only the answers to many firms but is also the risk management process supported by the Securities Exchange Commission and also other influential names out in the business world such as foreign stock exchange regulations, legal court cases or even standard poor’s decision. Companies are definitely being pressured to identify and manage their risks. The ERM is about establishing the oversight, having control and discipline to have continuously improvement of an entity’s risk management abilities. ERM is required to meet regulatory requirements but is definitely required to meet the best practice in organizations to remain competitive in today’s environment (baxterbruce). Although implementing and inserting ERM can be challenging, it still has a bright side to it and that it can increase your business performance and provide real benefits for the company. ERM shows a combine view of risk within the company and is design to help with the specific needs of each company. With companies that already has implemented the ERM is getting the full affect. As we have learn having a risk management program is very importance and is steady growing, but there are many organizations that still question the use of ERM and the purpose or value it actually provide. As required by the SEC, many have carried out their risk oversight duties but have not seen any changes or improvements. Seeing that there were still many questions and concerns about ERM, Gates, Nicolas, and Walkers which are all CPAs designed a survey of corporate ERM practices to actually study the practical value side of ERM. The survey was designed to address seven hypotheses about ERM to help many people with their concerns, and they were: objective setting, risk identification, risk reaction, oversight, information and communication, internal environment, management, and performance. The surveys also had asked and included the four control variables; the revenue, business control, country, and the ERM stage. So there were 1,000 surveys to send the audit and risk management e xecutives. Risk Management in Banking EssayOur 2015 Global Risk Management survey had responses from over 1,400 risk management professionals in over 60 countries, it shows how different companies handling the new risks but differing on how they rank and how best to address them (aon). Companies were being threatened and many companies’ reputation and well as business leaders was being validated. It is the CFO job and responsibility to make sure that all their managers are getting proper training and it is also their job to make sure that certain risk management activities are in place. You have to start within, and that is with most things in life. You have to make sure your inside in good better dealing with the outside. With that being said make sure your managers and employees as well as yourself are following the correct policies and procedures and make sure you have good internal control. As hypothesis seven states you want to see and have good performance. At first risk management can be discouraging for many organizations but after doing my research, studies have shown many advantages the ERM system have. This system could possibly save you headache, time, and money late on. Furthermore, some forms of the ERM are a requirement for the SEC now, to make sure everything is carried out and reported correctly. The framework ERM systems definitely have some values and advantages to offer each firm. Just like any other system the ERM should be evaluated and check periodically to ensure it stays effective for assessing risk. As we all is aware, things does change and by checking it, it’ll help stay up to date. Risk management is something that will never end as problems and threats will always arise and it is totally up to the organization how to handle them or carry the right systems that will actually help them prepare for problems that may occur. As I stated above, ERM can be valuable to any organization. After doing my research I would strongly encourage all organization to get the ERM to help monitor your business. In order to have your employees following the policies and procedures, your managers need to be great role models for them as well as your company. ERM helps with the controls on the inside to help you as an individual and company have a great performance.

The Underground Dance Movement Essays - Street Dance, Hip Hop Dance

The Underground Dance Movement In almost every culture throughout history, there has been dance. Prayer dances, celebratory dances, social dances. In many cases, we can see the cultural progression through the progression of dance. In the United States alone, we've seen the transitions from the European-grown ballet to tap, then to modern dance. What is not so well catalogued, however, is the underground progressive dance movement. Starting in the late sixties, the so-called Underground or counter-culture has built its own species of dance. Our subject today is the three most dominant styles of this new wave, popping, or the Electric Boogie, hip hop/break dancing, also known as old school dance, and the trance/house or new school dance. The television show ?Soul Train? was really one of the keys to the spread of these radical new styles. It was especially instrumental in spreading the Electric Boogaloo, or Boogie. The Electric Boogie developed in the mid-sixties by a family of black men living in Fresno, California, through influences like James Brown and strangely enough, TV shows like ?Lost In Space.? It was a mutant child of sorts, of what is called ?The Robot' dance, Popping, and Miming. The Robot is a dance that our generation has grown up recognizing, the angled body parts, sliding feet, and rigid motions all creating the illusion of a human robot. Popping, however is an unfamiliar term to many of you. Popping can be described as energy passed through the body, popping and snapping elbows, wrists, necks, hips and just about all the body joints along the way. The final ingredient to the mix, however, to control and smooth out the stop-and-go of a popping robot, was the influence of mime. The miming is what gives the Electric Boogie its voice, by making it possible to tell stories and create illusions with the body. This new dance was the forerunner to break dancing, and indeed many of the so-called power moves in break dancing incorporate some . . . electrical features. Break dancing was also influenced by the great James Brown. The original model for breaking was called ?Good Foot? from Brown's record of the same name, and based on his unique dancing style. At that point, it was just foot work, rather than the full body moves we see today. Good Foot was the first freestyle dance that incorporated moves involving drops and spins. Breaking today consists of extended footwork, spinning/power moves, and strategically spaced freezes. There is controversy between b-boys and b-girls (the ?b? coming from the word break) over emphasis; some put emphasis on power moves and their combination and the others show their style and individuality by footwork and freeze. It is also called hip hop dancing because in the 1980's, when movies like BeatStreet and Breaking became popular and when the style was really developing, the preferred music used to dance was hip hop for its revolutionary experimentation with beat mixing. It is called break dancing or breaking beca use the dancers move to the breaking part of the beat. The traditional four-count measure was broken down into about four different coinciding rhythms, giving the dancers more options for improvisation. However, dancing to break-beats is not limited to break dancing, but is utilized throughout progressive dance. The Electric Boogie uses it, as does the most common style of dance, trance/house dance. House and Trance are two of the most popular genres of techno; these two are more closely related to each other than any of the other genres, jungle, speed garage, or hardcore, and the dancing styles are closely related as well. It has been noted by Ejoe Wilson, a reknowned house dancer, that while in hip hop, you control your body to the beat, in house dance, music controls your body. It is more free style than hip hop and its emphasis on footwork. House clubs are unique of clubs because of the ?vibe' that they carry. One of the most important aspects of house dancing is the style. Style is everything when it comes to house dancing, because there are no set moves to master, no steps to learn. It is club dancing, which is to say, anything that makes you feel good, that gets